The Borden Park Natural Swimming Pool is the first chemical-free public outdoor pool to be built in Canada. The project replaced an existing pool, with a seasonal pavilion and landscaped pool precinct for 400 swimmers.
Our challenge was to create a large-scale pool with high-quality water control (a criterion essential for any public bathing facility), while also achieving an environmentally healthy and natural filtration process. We began by establishing a pool technology that cleanses the water through stone, gravel, sand, and botanic filtering processes, and this inspired us to create a materials-oriented concept for the changeroom facility to achieve a technically rigorous and aesthetically integrated design.
Canada’s guidelines for public pools are some of the strictest in the world, so to realise the project the architects needed to take a creative approach, classifying the project as “recreational waters” with the building permit as a “constructed beach with variances” – and the variances were the pools.
The pool involves a balanced ecosystem where plant materials, microorganisms, and nutrients come together within a gravel and sand filtering process to create “living water”. There is no soil involved in this process. Filtration is achieved in two ways: by means of a biologicalmechanical system, or the constructed wetland and gravel filter; and in situ, with zooplankton. This is an unsterilized, chemical and disinfectant-free filtering system, in which isolating membranes contain water as it circulates and is cleansed by means of a natural process. The process takes place at the north end of the pool precinct. On deck, water passes through a sand and stone submersive pond and a planted hydrobotanic pond. Adjacent to these ponds, a granular filter PO4 adsorption unit is enclosed by the gabion walls continuous with the building.
The building houses universal change rooms, showers, washrooms, staff areas and the water filtration mechanisms. The swimming program includes a children’s pool, a deep pool, on-deck outdoor showers, a sandy beach, picnic areas, and spaces for other pool-related recreational activities.
The project’s materiality creates a fundamental conceptual connection between the technical demands of the pool and the design of the built enclosure and landscape elements. The dark limestone and steel of the gabion wall construction defines the enclosure’s vertical dimension as filter-like or breathable, as granular and porous. The pool precinct is defined by a planar landscape where flush-to-surface detailing creates seamless interfaces among the sandy beach, the concrete pool perimeter and the wood decking. The gabion walls of the low rectilinear building terminate with a lid-like flat roof that frames the tree-canopy of the park beyond and enhances the sensation of open-sky spaciousness within the pool precinct.
The elemental form and reductive materials ease the user experience and enrich the narrative of bathing in the landscape. The juxtaposition of the constructed elements invokes comparisons with the geology of the North Saskatchewan River and the flat topography of the prairielands’ edge.
The building takes a cue from the two adjacent mid-century modernist-style pool buildings. Built in the 1950s, these extant buildings define the southwest edge of the pool precinct and connect the new with a century-old cultural heritage of architecturally distinctive, civic outdoor bathing pavilions.
The Borden Park Natural Swimming Pool is indicative of the city of Edmonton’s exemplary leadership and recognition of the civic importance of architectural excellence in the building of public infrastructure.
Borden Park has evolved over the last century as a place of shared outdoor recreational activities, as a destination for family gatherings, for outdoor bathing since 1924, as well as playing host to a zoo and, at times, fairground events. Borden Park holds immense civic value and social significance for the surrounding communities and for North / East Edmonton. The project contributes a signature landmark element within the ongoing transformations of the historic landscape of the park.
